The participants changed their answers because of demand characteristics.
参与者因为实验的需求特征而改变了他们的回答。
In studies on sensitive topics, demand characteristics can interact with social desirability and make self-report data look more positive than it really is.
在涉及敏感话题的研究中,实验的需求特征可能与社会赞许偏差相互作用,使自我报告数据看起来比真实情况更正面。
Martin T. Orne — On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment: With Particular Reference to Demand Characteristics and Their Implications(1962)
Robert Rosenthal — Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research(1966)
William R. Shadish, Thomas D. Cook, Donald T. Campbell — Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference(2002)
Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert — Social Psychology(多版教材常讨论该概念)
C. James Goodwin — Research in Psychology: Methods and Design(多版教材常提及该术语)