Small-study effects can make a treatment look more effective than it really is.
小样本研究效应可能让一种治疗看起来比实际更有效。
In the meta-analysis, the funnel plot asymmetry suggested small-study effects, so we ran Egger’s test and did sensitivity analyses.
在这项荟萃分析中,漏斗图不对称提示存在小样本研究效应,因此我们进行了 Egger 检验并做了敏感性分析。
词源 Etymology
该术语由 small study(小规模研究) 与 effects(效应/影响) 组合而成,源自循证医学与统计学语境,用来概括“研究规模与估计效应大小之间的系统性关联”。它在20世纪末随着漏斗图、回归检验等用于评估发表偏倚/报告偏倚的方法而广泛流行。
Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test.BMJ.
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001). Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: guidelines on choice of axis.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.
Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., et al. (eds.). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions(多版次章节讨论 small-study effects、漏斗图与相关检验)。
Sterne, J. A. C., Gavaghan, D., & Egger, M. (2000). Publication and related bias in meta-analysis: power of statistical tests and prevalence in the literature.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.